{"id":734,"date":"2022-12-30T20:31:53","date_gmt":"2022-12-30T19:31:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/?p=734"},"modified":"2023-03-30T20:34:22","modified_gmt":"2023-03-30T18:34:22","slug":"potreba-pribehov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/potreba-pribehov\/","title":{"rendered":"Potreba pr\u00edbehov"},"content":{"rendered":"

V star\u00fdch \u010dasoch ve\u010der, ke\u010f v kom\u00ednoch domov a chal\u00fapok (ak v\u00f4bec boli postaven\u00e9) hv\u00edzdala meluz\u00edna a svetlo sviec nesta\u010dilo osvetli\u0165 v\u0161etky tmav\u00e9 k\u00faty,
\nSedeli \u013eudia tesne pri sebe a rozpr\u00e1vali sa. Lep\u0161ie povedan\u00e9, rozpr\u00e1vali si pr\u00edbehy. Stra\u0161ideln\u00e9, rozpr\u00e1vkov\u00e9, erotick\u00e9, vesel\u00e9. Na\u0161e mysle si navykli na jednoduchos\u0165 deja, ktor\u00fa rozv\u00edjal rozpr\u00e1va\u010d pod\u013ea svojej fant\u00e1zie. Zvykli si posudzova\u0165 osudy a predur\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 sa st\u00e1vali pravdiv\u00e9. A hr\u00f4zu nemo\u017enosti vzoprie\u0165 sa predur\u010denosti pod\u010diarkovala tma, do ktorej sa zahalila izba, ke\u010f dohorela posledn\u00e1 svie\u010dka.
\nDnes pr\u00edbehy m\u00e1me \u010dierne na bielom v knih\u00e1ch a \u010d\u00edta\u010dk\u00e1ch, kolorov\u00e9 v kin\u00e1ch i v telev\u00edzii, ak sa n\u00e1m nechce vytiahnu\u0165 nohy z domu. Ve\u010f po\u010dasie sa zase tak r\u00fdchlo nemen\u00ed, aby sme si nevedeli predstavi\u0165 meluz\u00ednu, ktor\u00fa n\u00e1m prehlu\u0161uje r\u00e1dio. (Mo\u017eno v bud\u00facnosti bud\u00fa pred\u00e1va\u0165 na modern\u00fdch nosi\u010doch tie najkraj\u0161ie meluz\u00edny a mohli by doda\u0165 k tomu v\u0155zganie podlahy a dver\u00ed, aby sme si pripomenuli obavy a strach na\u0161ich predchodcov. To u\u017e tie\u017e nem\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii). Ale pr\u00edbehov sa nechceme vzda\u0165. Uvedomila si to aj komisia, ktor\u00e1 h\u013eadala tie najkraj\u0161ie pr\u00edbehy. T\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 ude\u013euje u\u017e vy\u0161e sto rokov Nobelovu cenu za literat\u00faru. Pred p\u00e1r rokmi ju obdr\u017eala po\u013esk\u00e1 spisovate\u013eka O\u013ega Tokarczuk. To ona n\u00e1s prin\u00fati sadn\u00fa\u0165 si a necha\u0165 sa un\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 pr\u00edbehmi, ktor\u00e9 pre n\u00e1s v samote vym\u00fd\u0161\u013ea.
\nP\u00e1n Alfr\u00e9d Nobel, technick\u00fd mozog, si uvedomil, \u017ee vymyslie\u0165 dobr\u00fd pr\u00edbeh je jednou z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch discipl\u00edn \u013eudstva. Pr\u00edbehy a vedeck\u00e9 objavy s\u00fa toti\u017e prepojen\u00e9, lebo n\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pochopi\u0165 svet okolo n\u00e1s spolu s tajomstvami a nerozl\u00fa\u0161tite\u013en\u00fdmi z\u00e1hadami. A kde sa v nich objavujeme my, \u013eudstvo. Cel\u00fd \u017eivot sa br\u00e1nime t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed t\u00fa\u017eia po moci a mo\u017enosti ovl\u00e1da\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 z n\u00e1s. Kontrolova\u0165 na\u0161e sny, zakazova\u0165 n\u00e1m rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 si slobodne pr\u00edbehy, kontrolova\u0165 slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame. To v\u0161etko sme v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed za\u017e\u00edvali spolu s na\u0161imi predkami. E\u0161te aj na\u0161i mil\u00ed zberatelia rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed, ke\u010f to za\u010dalo by\u0165 m\u00f3dne a pasovalo to do romantizmu, ktor\u00fd ani n\u00e1s neobi\u0161iel, po\u010d\u00favali a zapisovali starn\u00facich rozpr\u00e1va\u010dov, ale zdesen\u00ed originalitou pr\u00edbehov, r\u00fdchlo ich scenzurovali, aby boli podobn\u00e9 do t\u00fdch nemeck\u00fdch bratov Grimmovcov. Trochu n\u00e1s t\u00fdm ochudobnili o emocion\u00e1lnu kvalitu predstavivosti na\u0161ich predkov.
\nSpinoza a osvietenci sp\u00f4sobili, \u017ee sme boli don\u00faten\u00ed, v\u0161etci u\u017e od \u0161iestich rokov n\u00e1\u0161ho \u017eivota, aby sme sa nau\u010dili \u010d\u00edta\u0165, aby sme si mohli sami sebe rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 pr\u00edbehy, preto\u017ee medzi textom a skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou vznikol \u0161peci\u00e1lny tvor \u2013 \u010dlovek \u010ditate\u013e.
\nPsychol\u00f3govia tvrdia, \u017ee pr\u00edbeh, ktor\u00fd \u010d\u00edtame, \u0161peci\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom rozv\u00edja mozog, tento n\u00e1\u0161 dokonal\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d v na\u0161ich hlav\u00e1ch. Sledovanie p\u00edsmenok, ich pretv\u00e1ranie na slov\u00e1 a h\u013eadanie zmyslu v nich je mimoriadne komplikovan\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 mozgu. Ak v \u0148om naozaj m\u00e1me \u010das\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je schopn\u00e1 vym\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 si, predstavova\u0165 si, fantaz\u00edrova\u0165, lapili sme sa do pasce kn\u00edh a literat\u00fary. Mo\u017eno n\u00e1s dokonca opant\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 rabovania a okr\u00e1dania, ke\u010f sa za\u010d\u00edtame do pr\u00edbehov dnes st\u00e1le sl\u00e1vnej\u0161\u00edch slovensk\u00fdch zbojn\u00edkov, ako sme svedkami u mnoh\u00fdch dnes politicky popul\u00e1rnych \u013eud\u00ed, u\u017e vieme, \u017ee sa nau\u010dili \u010d\u00edta\u0165, ale ch\u00fdba im \u010das\u0165 mozgu, kde s\u00eddli kritick\u00fd duch ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s. Zrejme v tej \u010dasti hlavy u nich nedoch\u00e1dza k dostato\u010dn\u00e9mu prekrvovaniu a dokonca k odumieraniu niektor\u00fdch \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch spojen\u00ed neur\u00f3nov.
\nLiterat\u00fara ako z\u00e1klad umen\u00ed vznik\u00e1 v spojen\u00ed liter\u00e1rneho textu, kompetentnosti kriticky hodnoti\u0165 text \u010ditate\u013eom, ktor\u00fd si do textu premieta svoje \u017eivotn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti, sny a prehry. Preto literat\u00fara potrebuje \u010fal\u0161\u00edch vyklada\u010dov, kritick\u00e9 liter\u00e1rne \u010dasopisy, kde si \u010ditatelia m\u00f4\u017eu pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165, \u010do text pochopili spr\u00e1vne. V \u0161kol\u00e1ch musia deti diskutova\u0165 o knih\u00e1ch, aby si konfrontovali svoje z\u00e1\u017eitky s knihou s in\u00fdmi de\u0165mi. Literat\u00fara toti\u017e potrebuje barle v podobe kritick\u00fdch vyklada\u010dov \u2013 rozpr\u00e1vkarov, sparingpartnerov, ktor\u00ed n\u00e1s v dial\u00f3gu s nami ubezpe\u010dia, \u017ee kr\u00e1sa, dobro a bud\u00facnos\u0165 existuje. Vyd\u00fdchneme si.
\nAk sa \u010ditate\u013e zamiluje len do jedn\u00e9ho druhu literat\u00fary, ktor\u00e1 mu poskytuje pr\u00edjemn\u00e9 chv\u00edle a odmieta druh\u00e9, je ako keby volil len jednu politick\u00fa stranu, nech pl\u00e1nuje a rob\u00ed vo verejnom priestore \u010doko\u013evek. Milovn\u00edci jedn\u00e9ho druhu detekt\u00edvok, fantasy, s\u00fa ochudobnen\u00ed o mo\u017enos\u0165 debatovania sami so sebou, hlasn\u00fdm nes\u00fahlasen\u00edm s autorom, nedok\u00e1\u017eu sa s nik\u00fdm podeli\u0165 o svoj nes\u00fahlas s autorom, lebo \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa len svojich mil\u00e1\u010dikov. \u0160koda, \u017ee vo verejn\u00fdch vyst\u00fapeniach elity u\u017e nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa cit\u00e1cie z pr\u00e1ve pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch kn\u00edh, tie zn\u00e1me hesl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 v skratke vysvetlia viac, ako siahodlh\u00e9 prejavy. Dokonca u\u017e nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ani popul\u00e1rne hl\u00e1\u0161ky z filmov, ktor\u00e9 liter\u00e1rne nadobudnut\u00e9 my\u0161lienky nahradili na ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das.
\nDne\u0161n\u00e1 literat\u00fara by n\u00e1s najprv mala vyvies\u0165 z pr\u00edbehov romantick\u00e9ho sveta 19.storo\u010dia, ktor\u00e9ho sa tak k\u0155\u010dovito dr\u017e\u00edme, hoci u\u017e nechod\u00edme v krojoch a nerozumieme jazyku a obrazom toho vzdialen\u00e9ho sveta. A hne\u010f vz\u00e1p\u00e4t\u00ed by n\u00e1s mala vovies\u0165 do nov\u00e9ho m\u00fdtick\u00e9ho sveta fikci\u00ed, o ktor\u00fdch budeme vedie\u0165, \u017ee s\u00fa len vymyslen\u00e9, ale oslovia n\u00e1s svojou h\u013abkou a tajomstvom. Tak ako knihy nosite\u013eky Nobelovej ceny za literat\u00faru O\u013egy Tokarczuk oslovili nielen Poliakov, ale cel\u00fd \u010ditate\u013esk\u00fd svet. Potrebujeme nov\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vky, po dne\u0161nom nar\u00e1cie, pln\u00e9 n\u00e1deje, snov, pozit\u00edvnych pl\u00e1nov, lebo inak neuver\u00edme, \u017ee m\u00e1me nejak\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dobr\u00e1 a zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch. Bez nov\u00fdch, nebojme sa nap\u00edsa\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch, nar\u00e1ci\u00ed sa n\u00e1m bude bud\u00facnos\u0165 javi\u0165 ako jedna ve\u013ek\u00e1 trag\u00e9dia a katastrofa. Potrebujeme z\u00fafalo nov\u00e9 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tajomn\u00e9 metafory, ktor\u00e9 budeme \u010falej aj v podobe or\u00e1lnej posiela\u0165 \u010falej, rozochven\u00ed nie\u010d\u00edm, \u010do zasiahlo doteraz opusten\u00fa \u010das\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161ho mozgu.
\nKto in\u00ed n\u00e1m m\u00e1 poveda\u0165, kto sme, kam ideme a ak\u00fd zmysel m\u00e1 na\u0161a existencia. Neb\u00fdval\u00fd rozvoj vedy a nar\u00e1ci\u00ed mus\u00ed \u00eds\u0165 ruka v ruke. Pod\u013ea Tokarczuk je p\u00edsanie podobn\u00e9 do tkania koberca. Je kr\u00e1sny, farebn\u00fd a tajomn\u00fd z jednej strany, ale ke\u010f ho oto\u010d\u00edme, uvid\u00edme cel\u00fa osnovu a jednotliv\u00e9 nitky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pozbaven\u00e9 n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch farieb. Literat\u00fara nem\u00f4\u017ee zomrie\u0165. M\u00e1 pred sebou ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00falohu a od toho, ako ju spln\u00ed, z\u00e1vis\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 osud. Osud jednotlivcov i n\u00e1\u0161ho \u0161t\u00e1tu. <\/p>\n

Magda V\u00e1\u0161\u00e1ryov\u00e1 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Projekt Kult\u00farny kysl\u00edk podporil z verejn\u00fdch zdrojov Fond na podporu kult\u00fary ako hlavn\u00fd partner.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V star\u00fdch \u010dasoch ve\u010der, ke\u010f v kom\u00ednoch domov a chal\u00fapok (ak v\u00f4bec boli postaven\u00e9) hv\u00edzdala meluz\u00edna a svetlo sviec nesta\u010dilo osvetli\u0165 v\u0161etky tmav\u00e9 k\u00faty, Sedeli \u013eudia tesne pri sebe a rozpr\u00e1vali sa. Lep\u0161ie povedan\u00e9, rozpr\u00e1vali si pr\u00edbehy. Stra\u0161ideln\u00e9, rozpr\u00e1vkov\u00e9, erotick\u00e9, vesel\u00e9. Na\u0161e mysle si navykli na jednoduchos\u0165 deja, ktor\u00fa rozv\u00edjal rozpr\u00e1va\u010d pod\u013ea svojej fant\u00e1zie. Zvykli […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","category-kulturny-kyslik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=734"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":735,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/734\/revisions\/735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}