{"id":232,"date":"2022-09-19T16:53:14","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T14:53:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/?p=232"},"modified":"2022-09-19T16:53:14","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T14:53:14","slug":"autorske-prava-hlavybol-nas-vsetkych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/autorske-prava-hlavybol-nas-vsetkych\/","title":{"rendered":"Autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va \u2013 hlavyb\u00f4\u013e n\u00e1s v\u0161etk\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1kon \u010d. 618\/2003 Z. z. o autorskom pr\u00e1ve a pr\u00e1vach s\u00favisiacich s autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vom (autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon) v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov (\u010falej len \u201eAutorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u201c) bol N\u00e1rodnou radou Slovenskej republiky prijat\u00fd v decembri roku 2003, \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd je od 1. 1. 2004. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd Autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon je teda platn\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd u\u017e jeden\u00e1stym rokom. Celkovo bol za t\u00fato dobu Autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon novelizovan\u00fd \u0161es\u0165 kr\u00e1t , pri\u010dom mo\u017eno kon\u0161tatova\u0165 (s v\u00fdnimkou dvoch rozsiahlej\u0161\u00edch noviel ), \u017ee v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 novely vykazuj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00fa charakteristick\u00fa \u010drtu \u2013 zmeny s\u00fa \u010diastkov\u00e9ho charakteru a absentuje pri nich koncep\u010dn\u00fd a systematick\u00fd pr\u00edstup. Vzh\u013eadom na skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee sa jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pr\u00e1vny predpis s dopadom na mno\u017estvo s\u00fakromno-pr\u00e1vnych vz\u0165ahov, ako aj na r\u00fdchly progres relevantn\u00fdch spolo\u010densk\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch zmien v s\u00favislosti s nov\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi vytvorenia a pou\u017eitia autorsk\u00e9ho diela, pova\u017eujeme tento sp\u00f4sob pr\u00edstupu z\u00e1konodarcu za nie pr\u00e1ve naj\u0161\u0165astnej\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad novela Autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona preveden\u00e1 z\u00e1konom \u010d. 349\/2012 Z. z. (\u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 od 1. 12. 2012) zmenila jedin\u00e9 ustanovenie tohto z\u00e1kona, konkr\u00e9tne \u00a7 81 ods. 6. Po viacer\u00fdch aplika\u010dn\u00fdch probl\u00e9moch sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch touto zmenou bolo vy\u0161\u0161ie citovan\u00e9 ustanovenie op\u00e4tovne novelizovan\u00e9 z\u00e1konom \u010d. 352\/2013 Z. z. (\u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 od 1. 1. 2014). Aj posledne menovan\u00e1 novela, \u010do sa Autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona t\u00fdka, okrem u\u017e citovan\u00e9ho ustanovenia nezmenila \u017eiadne \u010fal\u0161ie ustanovenia.
\nV\u00fdnimku z vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu tvor\u00ed hlavne novela Autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona preveden\u00e1 z\u00e1konom \u010d. 289\/2013 Z. z. \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 od 1. 11. 2013 (\u010falej len \u201enovela\u201c). Novela prin\u00e1\u0161a viacer\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 zmeny, jednak v oblasti ochrany pr\u00e1v v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch umelcov a v\u00fdrobcov zvukov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov, jednak v oblasti licen\u010dn\u00fdch zml\u00fav na pou\u017eitie autorsk\u00fdch diel. Pri vydan\u00ed alebo verejnom prenose zvukov\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu umeleck\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu sa predl\u017euje lehota ochrany pr\u00e1v v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch umelcov na 70 rokov, to ist\u00e9 v z\u00e1sade plat\u00ed aj pre lehotu ochrany pr\u00e1v v\u00fdrobcov zvukov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov. Novela tie\u017e zav\u00e1dza nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho umelca na dodato\u010dn\u00fa odmenu od v\u00fdrobcu zvukov\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu za pou\u017eitie zvukov\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu umeleck\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu.
\nK najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm zmen\u00e1m u\u017e citovanej novely vak patria z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 zmeny v oblasti pr\u00e1vnej \u00fapravy licen\u010dn\u00fdch zml\u00fav na pou\u017eitie autorsk\u00fdch diel. Novela ru\u0161\u00ed povinn\u00fa p\u00edsomn\u00fa formu pre nev\u00fdhradn\u00e9 licen\u010dn\u00e9 zmluvy \u2013 v tomto pr\u00edpade sa jedn\u00e1 o nielen v\u00edtan\u00fa, ale hlavne nutn\u00fa zmenu, nako\u013eko znenie Autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 do 31. 10. 2013 nereflektovalo potreby pou\u017e\u00edvania autorsk\u00e9ho diela v digit\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed a s t\u00fdm spojen\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov uzatv\u00e1rania licen\u010dn\u00fdch zml\u00fav. Novela ru\u0161\u00ed tie\u017e kogentn\u00e9 taxat\u00edvne vymedzenie obligat\u00f3rnych n\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed licen\u010dnej zmluvy, aktu\u00e1lna pr\u00e1vna \u00faprava obsahuje len demon\u0161trat\u00edvny v\u00fdpo\u010det uveden\u00fdch n\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed (z\u00e1konn\u00e1 dikcia \u201enajm\u00e4\u201c). K \u010fal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrazne pozit\u00edvnym zmen\u00e1m patr\u00ed aj zavedenie tzv. verejn\u00fdch licenci\u00ed formou pr\u00e1vneho in\u0161tit\u00fatu ponuky licencie \u2013 teda udelenie bezplatnej licencie formou pr\u00e1vneho \u00fakonu smeruj\u00faceho vo\u010di neur\u010dit\u00e9mu po\u010dtu tret\u00edch os\u00f4b.
\nAj napriek vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdm pozit\u00edvnym zmen\u00e1m mo\u017eno kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee aktu\u00e1lna pr\u00e1vna \u00faprava o oblasti autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va nezodpoved\u00e1 aktu\u00e1lnemu stavu spolo\u010dnosti a sp\u00f4sobu tvorby a pou\u017e\u00edvania autorsk\u00fdch diel v digit\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed. Z\u00e1konodarca na aktu\u00e1lne trendy reaguje ve\u013emi pomaly a \u0165a\u017ekop\u00e1dne. Pr\u00edkladom je aj vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e1 novela Autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u2013 a\u017e do 31. 10. 2013 nebolo v\u00f4bec mo\u017en\u00e9 platne uzatvori\u0165 licen\u010dn\u00fa zmluvu na pou\u017eitie diela v inej ako p\u00edsomnej forme (pod sankciou absol\u00fatnej neplatnosti tak\u00e9hoto pr\u00e1vneho \u00fakonu).
\nO skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee regul\u00e1cia vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 niektor\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vnymi normami autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va je \u010dasto kr\u00e1t ot\u00e1zna, sved\u010d\u00ed pod\u013ea n\u00e1zoru autora tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku aj znenie \u00a7 63 ods. 7 a\u017e 13 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 131\/2002 Z. z. o vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch a o zmene a doplnen\u00ed niektor\u00fdch z\u00e1konov v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov (\u010falej len \u201eVysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u201c). Vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 normy upravuj\u00fa povinn\u00e9 zverej\u0148ovanie z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fdch, rigor\u00f3znych a habilita\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1c (\u010falej len \u201ez\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca\u201c) v centr\u00e1lnom registri v tom zmysle, \u017ee zverejnenie je v z\u00e1sade a\u017e na z\u00e1konom ustanoven\u00e9 v\u00fdnimky povinn\u00e9 , a to v y\u00e1sade po\u010das celej doby trvania majetkov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v k z\u00e1vere\u010dnej pr\u00e1ci (70 rokov odo d\u0148a registr\u00e1cie). Aj napriek skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee z\u00e1konodarca m\u00e1 nespochybnite\u013en\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo ulo\u017ei\u0165 autorovi z\u00e1vere\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce z\u00e1konom ustanoven\u00fa povinnos\u0165 t\u00fato pr\u00e1cu zverejni\u0165, je autor tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku toho n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee i tieto verejnopr\u00e1vne normy mali re\u0161pektova\u0165 v\u00fdhradn\u00e9 osobnostn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo autora z\u00e1vere\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 o zverejnen\u00ed svojho diela .
\nOdhliadnuc od vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va autora z\u00e1vere\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce, uveden\u00e1 pr\u00e1vna regul\u00e1cia v praxi sp\u00f4sobuje aj nemal\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s inform\u00e1ciami priamo obsiahnut\u00fdmi v z\u00e1vere\u010dnej pr\u00e1ci, ktor\u00e9 nutne nemusia zasahova\u0165 do pr\u00e1v a pr\u00e1vom chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmov tret\u00edch os\u00f4b v zmysle pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed Vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona , m\u00f4\u017eu v\u0161ak by\u0165 t\u00fdmito (tret\u00edmi) osobami vn\u00edman\u00e9 ako citliv\u00e9 hlavne vo vz\u0165ahu ku konkurencii \u2013 ide najm\u00e4 o pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou z\u00e1vere\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce s\u00fa opisy re\u00e1lnych procesov z konkr\u00e9tnej obchodnej spolo\u010dnosti.
\n\u010co sa vlo\u017eenia z\u00e1vere\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce do centr\u00e1lneho registra za \u00fa\u010delom overenia originality pr\u00e1ce t\u00fdka, tento \u00fa\u010del sa d\u00e1 pod\u013ea n\u00e1zoru autora tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku dosiahnu\u0165 aj podstatne menej re\u0161trikt\u00edvnym postupom z\u00e1konodarcu.
\nD\u0148a 15. 8. 2013 predlo\u017eilo Ministerstvo kult\u00fary Slovenskej republiky do medzirezortn\u00e9ho pripomienkov\u00e9ho konania legislat\u00edvny z\u00e1mer nov\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona . Cie\u013eom rekodifik\u00e1cie autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va je pod\u013ea uveden\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu \u201eje pripravi\u0165 tak\u00fd pr\u00e1vny predpis, ktor\u00fd bude n\u00e1le\u017eite plni\u0165 funkciu autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona ako z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho (hmotnopr\u00e1vneho) pr\u00e1vneho predpisu v oblasti kult\u00fary a ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010d\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017eenie z\u00e1ujmov nosite\u013eov pr\u00e1v, pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov a \u0161irokej verejnosti\u201c. Nosn\u00fdmi cie\u013emi legislat\u00edvneho z\u00e1meru s\u00fa pod\u013ea uveden\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu \u201emoderniz\u00e1cia, flexibilita, pr\u00e1vna istota\u201c. Materi\u00e1l reflektuje aktu\u00e1lny stav v oblasti sekund\u00e1rneho pr\u00e1va Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, vr\u00e1tane doteraz to vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tneho poriadku netransponovanej smernice Eur\u00f3pskeho parlamentu a Rady o osirel\u00fdch dielach , ako aj niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 rozhodnutia S\u00fadneho dvora Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie .
\nVysok\u00fd po\u010det predlo\u017een\u00fdch pripomienok v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee rekodifika\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce zrejme nebud\u00fa pr\u00e1ve jednoduch\u00e9. Ost\u00e1va teda len d\u00fafa\u0165, \u017ee nov\u00fd autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon bude v \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere reflektova\u0165 realitu digit\u00e1lnej \u00e9ry a s t\u00fdm spojen\u00fd formy vytv\u00e1rania a pou\u017e\u00edvania autorsk\u00fdch diel.
\nBc. Ing. Martin Konvit<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1kon \u010d. 618\/2003 Z. z. o autorskom pr\u00e1ve a pr\u00e1vach s\u00favisiacich s autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vom (autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon) v znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov (\u010falej len \u201eAutorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u201c) bol N\u00e1rodnou radou Slovenskej republiky prijat\u00fd v decembri roku 2003, \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd je od 1. 1. 2004. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd Autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon je teda platn\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd u\u017e jeden\u00e1stym rokom. Celkovo bol za […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-komentare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":233,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions\/233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/via-cultura.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}